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Be more MECE (mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive)

We’ve talked about how thinking in a mutually exclusive and collective exhaustive way is central to effective problem solving. But this is such an important concept that we should talk about it more.

First, be CEME, not MECE. In fact, be CEME-CEME-CEME

To solve a problem in a MECE way you need to consider all possible solutions exactly once. To do that, it is usually simpler to first think about all possible solutions and then to arrange them so that you only consider them once. So it’s really about being CEME rather than MECE.

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Learn to build issue trees by watching

Matthew Juniper, at Cambridge, demonstrates how to build issue trees. His approach is very similar to ours and he has an excellent video to describe it so you might want to watch it; here are the highlights I like best.

Work on one specific question. Matthew starts his issue tree based on one question, not several. I think he is absolutely right: first you have to identify the specific question you need to answer.

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Be MECE (mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive)






A central tenet of analytical problem solving is your considering all the possible solutions to your problem exactly once; that is, your approach must be mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive (sometimes written as “mutually exclusive and completely exhaustive”)—or MECE (pronounced “me see”).

MECE thinking is very popular with strategy consultancies, including the McKinsey, Bain, and BCG of the world. In fact the case interview that these companies filter their applicants with are designed to test whether you can think in a MECE-way. It is understandable: MECE thinking is both efficient and elegant; so let’s look at what it means and how you become an effective MECE thinker.


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Build logic trees: diagnosis trees and decision trees



 

Logic trees (also called issue trees) are at the heart of analytical problem-solving and, therefore, are a recurrent theme on this site. We’ll use two types of trees: diagnosis trees and decision trees.

A logic trees is a graphical breakdown of your key question. Trees have four basic rules:

  • They consistently answer to “why” or “how” (depending on your key question)
  • They progress from the key question to the analysis as they move to the right

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